MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND CONTROL

MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND CONTROL

       I.            Four dimensions in the modeling business.

a.       Identification of the major factors relevant to the company's progress in the future

b.      Who formulate appropriate techniques to predict future developments

c.       Develop data sources to support the strategic choices

d.       Given the choice to translate into specific actions 

    II.            The Concept Of Standard Cost And Kaizen

         Standard cost :

-          Cost control

-          Applied to existing manufacturing conditions

-          Purpose: The purpose of compliance with performance standards

-          Standards are determined each year

-          Variable analysis is based on standard vs. actual variance

-          Investigate if the standard is not met

Kaizen cost :

-          Reduction cost

-          applied in manufacturing improvements ongoing basis

-          achieve cost reduction targets

-          Target cost reduction is determined each month

-          variance analysis based on constant cost reduction

-          if the conduct of investigations into the target cost isn’t reached

 III.            Measure Estimates The Return Of Foreign Investment.

Evaluate the performance of the system is central to effective control. Performance evaluation system designed by precise enables top management to:

a) Taking into account the profitability of existing operations.

b) Determine the area that are not performing as expected

c) Allocating resources are limited by productive enterprises.

d) Evaluate the performance of management.

e) Ensure that management behavior is consistent with strategic priorities.

 IV.            Multinational Capital Costs

The theory of capital budgeting in particular using cost of capital as the disconto level, thus a project must generate returns at least equal to the cost of capital in order to be acceptable. The cost of equity capital can be calculated in several ways. One popular method that combines the expectations of return on the dividend by the dividend growth rate expectations. Assuming :

At = expected dividend per share at the end of the period.

Po = market price of the stock is now at the beginning of the period and

g = expected growth rate in dividends, the cost of equity,

to be calculated as follows to = At ​​/ Po + g.

Sources:

1)      Choi, Frederick D.S., and Gerhard D. Mueller, 2005., The International Accounting - Book 1, Issue 5., Salemba Four, Jakarta.

2)      Choi, Frederick D.S., and Gerhard D. Mueller, 2005., The International Accounting - Book 2, Issue 5., Salemba Four, Jakarta.

3)       http://agiewahyuwinata.blogspot.com/2011/05/perencanaan-dan-kendali-manajemen.html

4)      http://www.scribd.com/doc/45669852/MRK-Presentation

5)      http://animo-antolog.blogspot.com/2011/05/penetapan-harga-transfer-dan-perpajakan.html

6)      http://muhammadandiazis.blogspot.com/2011/05/perencanaan-dan-kendali-manajemen.html

7)      http://wenysilvia130706.blogspot.com/2011/05/perbedaan-harmonisasi-dan-standar.html

8)      http://diantrioktaviany.blogspot.com/2011/05/pro-dan-kontra-harmonisasi-standar.html

9)      http://mavelahafsah.blogspot.com/2011/05/rekonsiliasi-pengakuan-bersama-timbal.html

10)  http://ayublogluph.blogspot.com/2011/05/harmonisasi-akuntansi-internasional.html

 11)   http://dididyah.blogspot.com/

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

a)      Analysis Of International Business Strategy

Analysis of business strategy is an important first step in the analysis of financial statements. This analysis provides a qualitative understanding of the company and its competitors related to the economic environment. The difficulties of analysis of international business strategy:

a. Availability of information

b. Recommendations for analysis

Steps in doing evaluation accounting quality of a company is identify the main accounting policies, analysis of accounting flexibility, evaluation of accounting strategy, evaluation of the quality of disclosure, identification of the potential problems, and make adjustments for accounting distortions.

b)     Effect Of Accounting Analysis Of Inter-State

Financial analysis covers different areas of jurisdiction. This difference means that a very effective analytical tool in the region to be less effective in other regions. The analysts also often face a great challenge to obtain credible information. In most emerging market countries, financial analysts often have high levels of confidence or of limited reliability.

c)      Difficulty Of Obtaining Information International Accounting

In obtaining the data of International Accounting, there are several difficulties, among others: (1) Depreciation expense adjustment will affect profits, it is necessary to consider the age of the functions that must be decided asset management, (2) LIFO to FIFO inventory adjustment supplies should be converted into the FIFO method, (3) Backup Backup is the company's ability to pay or cover expenses for removing the load, (4) Financial Statement Adjustments reformulation of some of the changes after a few calculations on the points above TSB.

d)  Mechanism Differences Between Accounting Principles Of The State

In addressing the Inter-country differences in accounting principles can be done by several approaches such as:

-          Some analysts present the foreign accounting resize according to a group of internationally recognized principles, or according to other, more general basis

-          Some of the Others develop a complete understanding of accounting practices in a particular group of countries and companies to limit their analysis of companies located in the State that State.

e)  Difficulty Of International Financial Analysis

Palepu, Bernard and Healy make a framework useful basis for analyzing and assessment efforts by using financial statement data. The basic framework consists of four stages of analysis, namely:

-        Analysis of Business Strategy

-        Accounting Analysis

-        Financial analysis (ratio analysis and cash flow analysis)

-        Prospective analysis (forecasting and assessment)

f)  Website For Information About Research Company

To Obtain Information Research Company, many companies do not make optimum use of disclosure of corporate information via the website, both for financial and corporate sustainability. Another finding in this study is that many companies can’t provide information for investors, most of the information presented in the company's website is about the products or services produced and the many companies that do not update the information presented.
a. Internet Financial and Sustainability Reporting

Since 1995, there have been developments of empirical research related to Internet Financial Reporting (IFR), which reflects the development of forms of corporate disclosure. Some studies examine the factors that influence disclosure policy in the company's website, such as research conducted by Pirchegger and Wagenhofer (1999) and Saso and Luciana (2008a).
b. Corporate Social Responsibility

Understanding and awareness of business entities to maintain good relations with all stakeholders in an effort to minimizing negative impacts and maximizing positive impacts of the operational activities of the company towards the development continuous this is now understood as a CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility. Strengthening the sustainable development paradigm and corporate social responsibility initiatives CSR reporting or making social and environmental performance are considered as important as the reporting of economic performance. biggest problem is that the quality of non-financial reports are not yet as good as the quality of financial reporting. In addition to far adrift age (> 500 vs. 10-20 years), the gap between the two is marked by a degree of formality, the destination number and interval report.

Gazdar (2007) states there are four things that make non-financial reporting is why it becomes very important: First, the company's reputation. Second, serving the demands of stakeholders.
Third, help the company make decisions.  Fourth, making investors easily understand the performance of the company.

Sources:

1)       http://agiewahyuwinata.blogspot.com/2011/05/perencanaan-dan-kendali-manajemen.html

2)      http://www.scribd.com/doc/45669852/MRK-Presentation

3)      http://animo-antolog.blogspot.com/2011/05/penetapan-harga-transfer-dan-perpajakan.html

4)      http://muhammadandiazis.blogspot.com/2011/05/perencanaan-dan-kendali-manajemen.html

5)      http://wenysilvia130706.blogspot.com/2011/05/perbedaan-harmonisasi-dan-standar.html

6)      http://diantrioktaviany.blogspot.com/2011/05/pro-dan-kontra-harmonisasi-standar.html

7)      http://mavelahafsah.blogspot.com/2011/05/rekonsiliasi-pengakuan-bersama-timbal.html

8)      http://ayublogluph.blogspot.com/2011/05/harmonisasi-akuntansi-internasional.html

9)   http://dididyah.blogspot.com/